Hydrocarbons and formation of compounds

Hydrocarbons are basically those compounds that are formed by the combination of carbon and hydrogen. hydrocarbons can be either in long-chain form, branch form, and ring form. These hydrocarbons are categorized into two categories such as aliphatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbons.

In short form, hydrocarbons are carbon and hydrogen-containing compounds. for example methane, Ethane, propane, butane, etc.

Now the question is how hydrocarbon is formed.

The hydrocarbons are basically formed by the combination of hydrogen and carbon as you all know that carbon has a valency of four and hydrogen has a valency of one because one electron revolves around the nucleus in the hydrogen atom. similarly, in a carbon atom, four electrons revolve around the nucleus in their second shell. Carbon has a valency of 4 because it completes its octet by taking four electrons and hydrogen has a valency of one which makes carbon and 4 hydrogens interact with each other and the formation of a new compound "methane" having formula CH4.

Similarly, when hydrogen is replaced by the carbon atom containing three hydrogen atoms and one free bond, ethane is formed. From this technique, we can make carbon and its derivatives in a simple manner. Note: Carbon and hydrogen have to satisfy their valency by sharing of electrons or it can be said that carbon can make four bonds with the hydrogen if single carbon reacts with hydrogens. Carbon always forms 4 bonds.

Comments

Wurtz Coupling Reaction and Mechanism with supplements questions.

Wurtz reaction or Wurtz coupling reaction is generally defined for alkyl halides, where alkyl halides are converted into a suitable alkane by nucleophilic substitution mechanism. The reaction generally involves metal with a solvent, especially a nonpolar one, so that reaction between metal and solvent does not occur. The solvent used in this reaction could be dry ether, Xylene, Dioxane, THF (Tetrahydrofuran), etc. This reaction is generally useful for the synthesis of an even number of carbon-containing compounds. However, an odd number of carbon-containing products also possible in this reaction but at the expense of the purity of the desired product. A mixture of products (alkane) is formed by taking two different alkyl halides in this reaction. The reaction also suggested the formation of C-C bonds and used only primary halides. Other halides such as secondary or tertiary halides undergo disproportionation or elimination reactions. This reaction is also known as a coupling reaction...

Oxidation of Alcohols by KMnO4

Oxidizing agents such as KMnO 4 , PDC, Jones reagent, TEMPO, etc. have been used globally over the century. These oxidizing agents convert many families of hydrocarbons into their respective alcohols. KMnO 4 is one of the strong oxidizing agent used for the conversion of primary or secondary alcohols into aldehydes and ketones in controlled conditions. Many other functional groups such as 1-2 diols, oximes, thiols, sulfides, etc. can also be oxidized by this oxidant. Now the question is Why KMnO 4 acts as a strong oxidizing agent? In KMnO 4 if we look into the oxidation state of Mn we found that the manganese is in +7 oxidation state. As we know that the atomic number of Mn is 25 therefore, the electronic configuration of Mn is 1s 2 ,2s 2 ,2p 6 ,3s 2 ,3p 6 ,4s 2 ,3d 5 . Now the Mn is in +7 oxidation state which suggests the removal of 7 electrons from the 4s and 3d orbitals (i.e. 4s 0 , 3d 0 ). The maximum capacity to remove electrons has been reached...

Chemistry Clear Point

Search This Blog